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As promised earlier, I plan to post articles on the history of electronics, power, audio, and radio. I’ve always been interested in technological history, especially in the process of how technology we take for granted today came about. Over the years I’ve collected text books and old magazines and have done research in technical libraries and on the internet. What I will be writing for ClariSonus will be a series of monographs on various subjects. The first one is on the frequency of the power that comes from an outlet.

[A note on the research for this article: I've been reading early issues of the Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) and the British publication, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), both available from Google books in pdf format. In particular, a very good reference article about frequencies is: "The Technical Story of the Frequencies" by B.G. Lamme in the January 1918 issue of the Trans. of the AIEE. Also quite helpful are the various Wikipedia articles linked within and this one on utility frequencies.]

[Another note: given that my research sources are English-language, the emphasis here is on the history in North America. The situation in Great Britain and Europe will mentioned, but not in as much detail.]

The frequency of the power we get out of our electric outlets has been fixed since time of our grandfathers or great-grandfathers, at least in the developed world. Yet we are aware that there two standards in the world: 50 and 60Hz, and we may have heard of other frequencies, such as 25Hz, 400Hz, and even DC. One country, Japan, even has both 50 and 60Hz. Where did these frequencies come from? Is one better than the other? What explains the geographical distribution of these frequencies? This article will give the history of the frequencies and try to answer the questions above.

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As most of you know, the Rocky Mountain Audio Festival is returning to Denver (close to where I live) on October 10 through 12. As in the previous 2 years, I’ll be there, most likely wearing a Press badge, taking photos, and posting them either here or in the Loudspeaker forum of DIYAudio.com.

Two years ago, I had big plans to produce the Karna amplifier. but gremlins with the filament supply put that on the back burner - maybe some day. Later that winter, I had the Big Accident, which sidelined me for quite a while - six months to be allowed put any pressure on left leg, another two or three months to learn to walk again, and another several months to get proficient enough not to require a cane.

Those of you who saw me at last year’s RMAF probably saw me with two companions - Alexander of RAAL, and my cane. I’ve outgrown the cane, and Alexander will not only be back, but exhibiting his astonishing new omnidirectional loudspeaker.

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My friend René Jaeger turned me onto a huge site of service data and scematics: eServiceInfo.com. The front page is somewhat intimidating, but there are good tools for browsing and searching. It covers everything electrical and electronic. There is a facility to request data, there is a forum for asking questions, and a way for registered users to upload schematics and manuals. Since the data is essentially user-contributed, the quality varies, but the few manuals I downloaded were good-quality scans. All downloads are free (although limited to a maximum of 50 per day and 500 per month) with the site apparently supported by Google ads.

eServiceInfo appears to be based in Bulgaria and its users and contributors are world-wide, so there is a very international cross-section of devices and data offered. As a user and provider of web-based information sites, I’m sensitive to the details of site organization and find that eServiceInfo is one of the best I’ve seen for providing data downloads. Check it out! By the way, the audio directories are here.

As some of you might have noticed, the Clarisonus site was hijacked for the last few days. Due to a misunderstanding between the web host provider and myself, the domain www.clarisonus.com expired. You then got to see the cute woman shown here. The domain has been renewed and everything should be back to normal.

You may also have noticed that the site has been quite idle for the last few months. There are various reasons for this, including non-audio related work, consulting work I can’t talk much about, and general sloth. However, a dead site is no fun, so I will be making an effort to post at least once a week. If there are no current projects or reports to post, I’ll dip into the historical archives, and do some posts on the history of technology, similar to (although probably longer than) the posts at Arcane Radio Trivia. Lynn Olson has a few posts in the pipeline, too.

- John Atwood